CSS 2017

Q. 2.Write a précis of the following passage and also suggest a suitable title: (20)

All the evils in this world are brought about by the persons who are always up and doing, but do not know when they ought to be up nor what they ought to be doing. The devil, I take it, is still the busiest creature in the universe, and I can quite imagine him denouncing laziness and becoming angry at the smallest waste of time. In his kingdom, I will wager, nobody is allowed to do nothing, not even for a single afternoon. The world, we all freely admit, is in a muddle but I for one do not think that it is laziness that has brought it to such a pass. It is not the active virtues that it lacks but the passive ones; it is capable of anything but kindness and a little steady thought. There is still plenty of energy in the world (there never were more fussy people about), but most of it is simply misdirected. If, for example, in July 1914, when there was some capital idling weather, everybody, emperors, Kings, arch dukes, statesmen, generals, journalists, had been suddenly smitten with an intense desire to do nothing, just to hang about in the sunshine and consume tobacco, then we should all have been much better off than we are now. But no, the doctrine of the strenuous life still went unchallenged; there must be no time wasted; something must be done. Again, suppose our statesmen, instead of rushing off to Versailles with a bundle of ill-digested notions and great deal of energy to dissipate had all taken a fortnight off, away from all correspondence and interviews and what not, and had simply lounged about on some hillside or other apparently doing nothing for the first time in their energetic lives, then they might have gone to their so-called peace conference and come away again with their reputations still unsoiled and the affairs of the world in good trim. Even at the present time, if half of the politicians in Europe would relinquish the notion that laziness is crime and go away and do nothing for a little space, we should certainly gain by it. Other examples come crowding into mind. Thus, every now and then, certain religious sects hold conferences; but though there are evils abroad that are mountains high, though the fate of civilization is still doubtful, the members who attend these conferences spend their time condemning the length of ladies’ skirts and the noisiness of dance bands. They would all be better employed lying flat on their backs somewhere, staring at the sky and recovering their mental health.

Title: The Fallacy of Constant Activity

Précis:

The root of many of the world's problems stems from those who are constantly active but lack direction and purpose. The devil, symbolizing incessant activity, likely detests idleness and wasted time, as his realm prohibits even a moment of rest. The world's troubles are not due to a lack of energy or action, but rather a deficiency in kindness and thoughtful reflection. Despite abundant energy, it is often misdirected. For instance, had global leaders in July 1914 chosen to relax and enjoy the idle weather instead of perpetuating the doctrine of relentless activity, the world might have been better off. Similarly, if contemporary politicians and leaders embraced periods of rest instead of compulsive activity, the global situation could improve. Religious conferences, too, often focus on trivial issues rather than addressing significant societal problems, suggesting that these leaders would benefit more from periods of relaxation to restore their mental health.

Original Pessage Words: 321

Précis Words: 133

Another Précis:

Many of the world's problems arise from people who are perpetually active but lack purpose or direction. The devil, a symbol of constant activity, likely despises idleness and even minor waste of time. However, the world's issues are not due to laziness but rather to a lack of kindness and thoughtful consideration. Despite abundant energy, it is often misused. For instance, had world leaders in July 1914 chosen relaxation over relentless activity, global affairs might have improved. Similarly, if current politicians embraced periods of rest, the world could benefit. Religious groups often focus on trivial matters rather than serious issues, suggesting that relaxation might restore their perspective and effectiveness.

Q. 3.Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions that follow: (20)

Education ought to teach us how to be in love and what to be in love with. The great things of history have been done by the great lovers, by the saints and men of science, and artists, and the problem of civilization is to give every man a chance of being a saint, a man of science, or an artist. But this problem cannot be attempted, much less solved, unless men desire to be saints, men of science, and artists. And if they are to desire that continuously and consciously they must be taught what it means to be these. We think of the man of science or the artist, if not of the saint, as a being with peculiar gifts, not as one who exercises, more precisely and incessantly perhaps, activities which we all ought to exercise. It is a commonplace now that art has ebbed away out of our ordinary life, out of all the things which we use, and that it is practiced no longer by workmen but only by a few painters and sculptors. That has happened because we no longer recognize the aesthetic activity of the spirit, so common to all men. We do not know that when a man makes anything he ought to make it beautiful for the sake of doing so, and that when a man buys anything he ought to demand beauty in it, for the sake of beauty. We think of beauty if we think of it at all as a mere source of pleasure, and therefore it means to us ornament, added to things for which we can pay extra as we choose. But beauty is not an ornament to life, or to the things made by man. It is an essential part of both. The aesthetic activity, when it reveals itself in things made by men, reveals itself in design, just as it reveals itself in the design of all natural things. It shapes objects as the moral activity shapes actions, and we ought to recognize it in the objects and value it, as we recognize and value moral activity in actions. And as actions empty of the moral activity are distasteful to us, so should objects be that are empty of the aesthetic activity. But this is not so with most of us. We do not value it; do not even recognize it, or the lack of it, in the work of others. The artist, of whatever kind, is a man so much aware of the beauty of the universe that he must impart the same beauty to whatever he makes. He has exercised his aesthetic activity in the discovery of the beauty in the universe before he exercises it in imparting beauty to that which he makes. He has seen things in that relation in his own work, whatever it may be. And just as he sees that relation for its own sake, so he produces it for its own sake and satisfies the desire of his spirit in doing so. And we should value his work; we should desire that relation in all things made by man, if we too have the habit of seeing that relation in the universe, and if we knew that, when we see it, we are exercising an activity of the spirit and satisfying a spiritual desire. And we should also know that work without beauty means unsatisfied spiritual desire in the worker; that it is waste of life and common evil and danger, like thought without truth, or action without righteousness.

Questions: 1. What has been lamented in the text? (4)

2. What is the difference between ordinary man and an artist? (4)

3. How can we make our lives beautiful and charming? (4)

4. What does the writer actually mean when he says, “Beauty is not an ornament to life”? (4)

5. Do art and beauty affect our practical life and morals? Justify whether you agree or disagree. (4)

Here are concise answers to the questions:

1. What has been lamented in the text? (4)

The passage laments the decline of art and aesthetic appreciation in daily life, noting that beauty is no longer integral to the objects and activities we engage with, but rather seen as an added ornament.

2. What is the difference between an ordinary man and an artist? (4)

An ordinary man lacks awareness and incorporation of beauty in his work, while an artist actively seeks and imparts beauty in his creations, driven by a deep appreciation for aesthetic activity.

3. How can we make our lives beautiful and charming? (4)

We can make our lives beautiful by incorporating aesthetic activity into our daily tasks, striving to create and appreciate beauty in everything we do and demanding it in the objects we use.

4. What does the writer actually mean when he says, “Beauty is not an ornament to life”? (4)

The writer means that beauty is not just an extra decoration but an essential part of life and craftsmanship, fundamental to the quality and value of objects and experiences.

5. Do art and beauty affect our practical life and morals? Justify whether you agree or disagree. (4)

Yes, art and beauty affect our practical life and morals by enriching our environment and experiences, fostering a deeper appreciation and satisfaction that contributes to a more fulfilling and morally aware life.

Title: The Essential Role of Beauty and Art in Life

Q . 4 (a) Correct only FIVE of the following: (5)

(i) In the accident one of my arms was broken and my legs bruised.

(ii) The people who had been raising slogans against the government for many hours they wanted increase in their salaries.

(iii) You have been working very hard for the last two years. Isn’t it?

(iv) John could hardly do no better than to have caught a bass of such dimensions.

(v) I who have no chance to meet him would rather go with you instead of sitting at home.

(vi) He not only comes there for swimming but also for coaching new swimmers.

(vii) When he visited the fair last time, he bought no less than twenty school bags.

(viii) Ten cattles were grazing in the field.

Correct Sentence:

(i) In the accident, one of my arms was broken and one of my legs was bruised.

Explanation:

The original sentence suggests that only one arm was broken but both legs were bruised. To maintain parallelism and clarify the meaning, it's better to specify "one of my legs."

(ii) The people who had been raising slogans against the government for many hours wanted an increase in their salaries.

Explanation:

The pronoun "they" is redundant because the sentence already has a subject ("The people"). Additionally, "increase" should be preceded by the article "an."

(iii) You have been working very hard for the last two years, haven’t you?

Explanation:

"Isn’t it?" is incorrect because it does not match the subject and tense of the main clause. The correct question tag for a statement in the present perfect continuous tense ("You have been working...") is "haven’t you?"

(iv)John could hardly do any better than to have caught a bass of such dimensions.

Explanation:

The phrase "could hardly" already implies a negative, so adding "no" results in a double negative. "Any" should be used instead of "no" to avoid this error.

(v)I, who have no chance of meeting him, would rather go with you instead of sitting at home.

Explanation:

"Chance to meet" should be "chance of meeting" because "chance of" is the correct phrase to use in this context. Additionally, commas are needed to set off the clause "who have no chance of meeting him."

(vi)He comes not only for swimming but also for coaching new swimmers.

Explanation:

The phrase "not only" should follow the verb "comes" to maintain parallel structure. This makes the sentence more balanced.

(vii) When he visited the fair last time, he bought no fewer than twenty school bags.

Explanation:

"Fewer" should be used instead of "less" because "school bags" are countable items..

(viii) Ten cattle were grazing in the field.

Explanation:

"Cattle" is a plural noun and does not take an "s" at the end. Therefore, "cattles" is incorrect.

(b) Re-write the following sentences (Only FIVE) after filling in the blanks appropriately: (5)

(i) I cannot buy this car _____ this price.

(a) for (b) in (c) at (d) on

(ii) Send these books _____ my home address.

(a) on (b) at (c) in (d) to

(iii) Monkeys live _____ trees.

(a) in (b) at (c) upon (d) on

(iv) I said it _____ his face.

(a) at (b) on (c) to (d) upon

(v) The manager _______the receipt of my letter promptly.

(a) accepted (b) realized (c) recognized (d) acknowledged

(vi) Most foreign students don’t like American coffee, and ________ .

(a) I don’t too (b) either don’t (c) neither don’t I (d) neither do I

(vii) We________ take care of our parents when they are old.

(a) could (b) would (c) might (d) ought to

(viii) Yousaf ________in the garden the whole of yesterday.

(a) has dug (b) was digging (c) dug (d) had dug

Here are the sentences with the blanks filled in appropriately:

(i) I cannot buy this car at this price.

(ii) Send these books to my home address.

(iii) Monkeys live in trees.

(iv) I said it to his face.

(v) The manager acknowledged the receipt of my letter promptly.

Q. 5. (a) Choose the ANALOGY of words written in capital letters. Attempt any FIVE. (5)

(i) LION: ROAR

(a) Snake : Slither (b) Goat: Bleat (c) Lizard : Crawl (d) Elephant : Tusk

Here are the corresponding sounds or actions for the animals:

Snake: Hiss
Lizard:clicks or rustles.
Elephant: Trumpet

(ii) SHADOW : LIGHT

(a) Flood : Rain (b) Image : Object (c) Reaction : Action (d) House : Bricks

(iii) CLOT : BLOOD

(a) Ink: Water (b) Curdle : Milk (c) Vaporize : Camphor (d) Brew : Coffee

(iv) FEARFUL: COWER

(a) Humble: Boast (b) Weak : Exercise (c) Arrogant : Strut (d) Wise : Dispute

(v) EXPEDITE : HASTEN

(a) Conscript : Write down (b) Diver : Make harder (c) Facilitate : Make easiest (d) Satirize : Praise

"Expedite" and "hasten" are synonyms, both meaning to speed up a process. Similarly, "facilitate" and "make easiest" are synonymous, as both refer to making a process easier.

(vi) WOOD: FURNITURE

(a) Father : Child (b) Tree : Seedling (c) Soil : Clay (d) Stone : Sculpture

Just as furniture is made from wood, a sculpture is made from stone.

(vii) SURGEON : DEXTEROUS

(a) Clown : Fat (b) Actress : Beautiful (c) Athlete : Tall (d) Acrobat : Agile

Just as a surgeon is expected to be dexterous (skillful with hands), an acrobat is expected to be agile (nimble and flexible).

(viii)LECHER : LUST

(a) Pith : Herb (b) Glutton : Greed (c) Business : Profit (d) Showbiz : Fam

A lecher is someone who has an excessive or inappropriate desire for sexual activity, which is related to lust. Similarly, a glutton is someone who has an excessive or inappropriate desire for food, which is related to greed.

(b) Punctuate the following text, where necessary. (5)

a quaker was one day walking on country road he was suddenly met by a highwayman pointing a pistol the man exclaimed your money or your life my friend said the quaker I cannot deliver my money for i should be helping thee in evildoing however exchange is lawful and i will give thee my purse for the pistol the robber agree on receiving the purse the quaker at once held the pistol at the robbers head and said now friend my purse back or the weapon may go off fire said the robber there is no powder in the pistol

Here is the punctuated version of the text:

A Quaker was one day walking on a country road when he was suddenly met by a highwayman pointing a pistol. The man exclaimed, “Your money or your life!”“My friend,” said the Quaker, “I cannot deliver my money, for I should be helping thee in evildoing. However, an exchange is lawful, and I will give thee my purse for the pistol.”The robber agreed. On receiving the purse, the Quaker at once held the pistol at the robber’s head and said, “Now, friend, my purse back, or the weapon may go off.”“Fire,” said the robber, “there is no powder in the pistol.”

Q. 6. (a) Explain the difference between the following word pairs (Any FIVE) by using each word in your own sentences: (5)

(i) Wrath, Wroth (ii) Veracity, Voracity (iii) Subtler, Sutler (iv) Retenue, Retinue (v) Minute, Minuet (vi) Furor, Furore (vii) Dinghy, dingy (viii) Bony, Bonny

(b) Use ONLY FIVE of the following in sentences which illustrate their meaning: (5)

(i) Spirit away (ii) Plough back (iii) Eager beaver (iv) Ring a bell (v) Be left holding the baby (vi) Cap in hand (vii) Hold out a carrot (viii) Over the moon

(i) Wrath vs. Wroth

Wrath:
- Meaning: Extreme anger or rage.
- Example: "The king’s wrath was feared throughout the kingdom."
Wroth:
- Meaning: Angry; an archaic form of the word "wrathful."
- Example: "He was wroth with his brother for betraying him."

(ii) Veracity vs. Voracity

Veracity:
- Meaning: Truthfulness or accuracy.
- Example: "The lawyer questioned the veracity of the witness’s statement."
Voracity:
- Meaning: An intense eagerness or hunger, especially for food.
- Example: "His voracity for knowledge led him to read hundreds of books."

(iii) Subtler vs. Sutler

Subtler:
- Meaning: More subtle; marked by a greater degree of delicacy or nuance.
- Example: "Her approach to the problem was subtler than his."
Sutler:
- Meaning: A person who followed an army and sold provisions to the soldiers.
- Example: "The sutler provided the troops with much-needed supplies during the campaign."

(iv) Retenue vs. Retinue

Retenue:
- Meaning: A French term that can mean reserve, restraint, or income, depending on context.
- Example: "He showed retenue in his comments, not wanting to offend anyone."
Retinue:
- Meaning: A group of advisers, assistants, or others accompanying an important person.
- Example: "The president’s retinue followed him closely during his tour of the city."

(v) Minute vs. Minuet

Minute:
- Meaning: A unit of time equal to 60 seconds; or something very small.
- Example: "She waited for ten minutes before the bus arrived."
Minuet:
- Meaning: A slow, graceful dance that was popular in the 17th and 18th centuries.
- Example: "The couple performed a delicate minuet at the ball."

(vi) Furor vs. Furore

Furor:
- Meaning: An outbreak of public anger or excitement.
- Example: "The politician’s comments caused a furor in the media."
Furore:
- Meaning: The British spelling of "furor," used in the same context.
- Example: "The new law sparked a furore among citizens across the country."

(vii) Dinghy vs. Dingy

Dinghy:
- Meaning: A small boat, often inflatable or used for short trips.
- Example: "They took the dinghy out to explore the nearby island."
Dingy:
- Meaning: Gloomy, dirty, or dull.
- Example: "The old hotel room was small and dingy, with peeling wallpaper."

(viii) Bony vs. Bonny

Bony:
- Meaning: Very thin or having prominent bones.
- Example: "The stray dog was so bony that you could see its ribs."
Bonny:

Meaning: Attractive, beautiful, or pleasing to look at (chiefly Scottish).
Example: "She was a bonny lass, with a radiant smile and rosy cheeks."

(i) Spirit away

Meaning: To take someone or something away secretly or mysteriously.
Example: "The documents were spirited away before anyone could see them."

(ii) Plough back

Meaning: To reinvest profits or resources into a business or project rather than taking them out.
Example: "The company decided to plough back its profits into research and development."

(iii) Eager beaver

Meaning: A person who is very enthusiastic and hardworking, often to an excessive degree.
Example: "Tom is such an eager beaver, always the first to volunteer for extra tasks."

(iv) Ring a bell

Meaning: To sound familiar or remind someone of something, but not be able to recall the exact details.
Example: "The name doesn’t ring a bell; I don’t think I’ve met him before."

(v) Be left holding the baby

Meaning: To be left with the responsibility or problem that others have abandoned.
Example: "When the project failed, I was left holding the baby while everyone else took off."

(vi) Cap in hand

Meaning: To approach someone humbly or with a request, often for help or permission.
Example: "He went cap in hand to his boss, asking for an extension on the deadline."

(vii) Hold out a carrot

Meaning: To offer an incentive or reward to encourage someone to do something.
Example: "The manager held out a carrot of a bonus to motivate the team to meet their targets."

(viii) Over the moon

Meaning: Extremely happy or delighted.
Example: "She was over the moon when she found out she got the job she had always wanted."

Q. 7. Translate the following into English by keeping in view figurative/idiomatic expression. (10)

اپنے پوشیدہ عیبوں کو معلوم کرنے کے لیے یہ دیکھنا ضروری ہے کہ ہمارے دشمن ہم کو کیا کہتے ہیں۔ ہمارے دوست اکثر ہمارے دل کے موافق ہماری تعریف کرتے ہیں۔ اول ہمارے عیب ان کو عیب ہی نہیں لگتے یا پھر ہماری خاطر کو ایسا عزیز رکھتے ہیں کہ اِس کو رنجیدہ نہ کرنے کے خیال سے اِن کو چھپاتے ہیں۔ یا پھر اِن سے چشم پوشی کرتے ہیں۔ بر خالف اِس کے ہمارا دشمن ہم کو خوب ٹٹولتا ہے اور کونے کونے سے ڈھونڈ کر ہمارے عیب نکالتا ہے، گووہ دشمنی سے چھوٹی بات کو بڑا بنا دیتا ہے۔ مگر اِس میں کچھ نہ کچھ اصلیت ہوتی ہے۔دوست ہمیشہ اپنے دوست کی نیکیوں کو بڑھاتا ہے اور دشمن عیبوں کو۔ اِس لیے ہمیں اپنے دشمن کا زیادہ اِحسان مند ہونا چاہیے کہ وہ ہمیں ہمارے عیبوں سے مطلع کرتا ہے۔ اِس تناظر میں دیکھا جائے تو دشمن دوست سے بہتر ثابت ہوتا ہے

Translation:

To identify our hidden flaws, it is essential to see what our enemies say about us. Our friends often praise us according to their own feelings, either because they do not see our flaws as flaws or because they value our friendship so much that they hide them to avoid hurting us. Alternatively, they may overlook them. In contrast, our enemies thoroughly scrutinize us, finding and pointing out our flaws from every corner, even though they may exaggerate trivial matters due to their hostility. However, there is always some truth in their criticisms. Friends always highlight the virtues of their friends, while enemies focus on their faults. Therefore, we should be more grateful to our enemies for bringing our flaws to our attention. In this context, enemies can prove to be better than friends.